During the First World War a group of men, Conscientious Objectors, refused to fight in the British Army and as their refusal on the grounds of conscience was recognised in the conscription law they became known as Conscientious Objectors. The men’s entitlement to exemption from combat duty due to their conscience was not always recognised by the institutions created to manage conscription which resulted in prosecution and many and spent their war years in prison or serving the country in other ways. This paper examines the prevalence and experience of COs from Hampshire and those who spent time in Winchester prison for their beliefs. There is also a consideration of the small amount of anti-war activity which took place in Hampshire.